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NAFTA partners are not the only beneficiaries of liberal trade policy in California. In fact, the largest investors in the state by country are Japan and members of the EU.

United Kingdom

The British are the leading overall employers of foreign-owned Californian jobs with 106,100 in 2003. Second behind Japan in manufacturing PPE and employment. UK firms are very active in the information industry as well.

Japan

The major foreign employer of Californian manufacturing jobs with 61,500, Japan is also the leader of investment in California. Japanese companies are also strongly represented in the electronics, transportation equipment, and wholesale trade (especially motor vehicles and parts) industries. With the highest value of PPE, Japan is the most capital-intensive investor.

Switzerland

The Swiss employed 71,600 Californians across various industries in 2003. Swiss companies have invested relatively little in commercial property.

Germany

Coming in third place with 67,100 Californian workers, German companies in the state are focused on manufacturing and are very capital intensive. Within manufacturing, German companies and investors have strong ties to chemical production and electrical equipment. Wholesale trade investment is also significant.

France

French affiliates employ a large share of workers in the information industry, as well as a substantial share in manufacturing.

Netherlands

Dutch companies have invested heavily in Californian commercial property. They are also concentrated in the manufacturing industry.